Abstract
Methods for reducing underwater noise radiated from gravel islands used for oil and natural gas production have been investigated. This study focused on operations for one gravel island, the Northstar, located in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, during standard oil production activities in open water conditions. Various transmission paths have been examined, including direct airborne transmission, vibratory paths, and other secondary paths. Direct measurements of airborne noise, vibration, and underwater noise were used to determine the prominence of each noise path. General treatment options and details are given for those noise paths deemed to be significant. [The author would like to thank the U.S. Minerals Management Service for their funding and support, and BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc. and Greeneridge Sciences Inc. for their support and assistance.]
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