Abstract
Cardiac catheterization and coronary cineangiography are stressful procedures for most patients. Fear because the heart is involved, fear of the unknown, and the possibility that the catheterization results will indicate a need for cardiac surgery are obvious sources of psychological stress for patients about to undergo these diagnostic procedures. Another source of stress may be from a discussion of potential complications. The following possible complications are usually mentioned to patients prior to the procedure-cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac arrest, thromboses, cerebrovascular accidents, myocardial infarction, excessive bleeding, hypotension, infection, loss of a limb, and allergic reactions to the dye. Although serious complications are
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