Abstract
In recent years, the brain-computer interface (BCI) based on motor imagery (MI) has been considered as a potential post-stroke rehabilitation technology. However, the recognition of MI relies on the event-related desynchronization (ERD) feature, which has poor task specificity. Further, there is the problem of false triggering (irrelevant mental activities recognized as the MI of the target limb). In this paper, we discuss the feasibility of reducing the false triggering rate using a novel paradigm, in which the steady-state somatosensory evoked potential (SSSEP) is combined with the MI (MI-SSSEP). Data from the target (right hand MI) and nontarget task (rest) were used to establish the recognition model, and three kinds of interference tasks were used to test the false triggering performance. In the MI-SSSEP paradigm, ERD and SSSEP features modulated by MI could be used for recognition, while in the MI paradigm, only ERD features could be used. The results showed that the false triggering rate of interference tasks with SSSEP features was reduced to 29.3%, which was far lower than the 55.5% seen under the MI paradigm with ERD features. Moreover, in the MI-SSSEP paradigm, the recognition rate of the target and nontarget task was also significantly improved. Further analysis showed that the specificity of SSSEP was significantly higher than that of ERD (p < 0.05), but the sensitivity was not significantly different. These results indicated that SSSEP modulated by MI could more specifically decode the target task MI, and thereby may have potential in achieving more accurate rehabilitation training.
Highlights
In recent years, the brain-computer interface (BCI) based on motor imagery (MI) has been considered as a potential post-stroke rehabilitation technology
The comparison shows that the target task (T-Task)/nontarget task (N-Task) recognition rate obtained under ERD in the hybrid paradigm (H-E) is similar to that under ERD in the MI paradigm (M-E) (p=0.380), indicating that somatosensory evoked potential (SSSEP) induced in the hybrid paradigm does not affect the separability of the existing event-related desynchronization (ERD) feature
Under the condition of M-E, all the interference tasks have high false triggering rates, reaching an average of 55.5%. This indicates that many interference tasks could cause false triggering in MI-BCI, which is a significant problem for MIBCI applications
Summary
The brain-computer interface (BCI) based on motor imagery (MI) has been considered as a potential post-stroke rehabilitation technology. Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems based on motor imagery (MI) can decode the motion intention of the user using electroencephalography (EEG) signals [1]. Recent studies have found that the MI-BCI could be used in brain rehabilitation to help stroke patients [4], [5]. This new treatment has achieved good efficacy in some reports [6], [7], which fully demonstrates the potential of MI-BCI in the field of post-stroke rehabilitation. Previous studies have found that MI could induce event-related desynchronization (ERD) in a similar fashion to ME. The characteristics of ERD are an energy decrease in alpha
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