Reducing environmental hazards in the elimination of oil spills through the use of sorption materials based on polyurethane foams containing waste from agricultural and polymer industries

Abstract

The work is devoted to the development of a sorption material based on elastic polyurethane foam (PUF) containing waste from agricultural and polymer industries. The fillers were fruit shells of buckwheat grains, rice, acacia sawdust, fruit shells, rice straw, walnut shells and ground corn cobs, hardwood sawdust, polymeric waste of expanded polystyrene foam. Oil from the Romashkinskoye field (Tatarstan) was used as a pollutant. The optimal mass ratio of the components of the material A of the PPU component: B of the PPU component: filler = 1: 0.6: 0.16-0.72 (depending on the type of filler) has been determined. The best absorbing capacity of ∼ 13 g / g is possessed by a material based on polyurethane foam and rice straw. Sorption material for cleaning aquatic ecosystems has a high absorbing capacity not only for petroleum products (diesel fuel, industrial oil), but also for products of inorganic origin (vacuum oil). The sorption material is selective and has a higher absorption capacity with respect to oil than to water, the coefficient of selectivity of absorption is 0.4 for an exposure time of 120 min. The possibility of utilization of waste sorption material by the method of thermochemical degradation using a destructive agent based on PPU component A was investigated. The resulting destructate is a homogeneous liquid, easily combined with BND 60/90 bitumen with the formation of a homogeneous polymer-bitumen binder.