Reducing Chlorothalonil Use in Fungicide Spray Programs for Powdery Mildew, Anthracnose, and Gummy Stem Blight in Melons.

Abstract

Fungicides are applied to nearly 80% of U.S. melon acreage to manage the numerous foliar and fruit diseases that threaten yield. Chlorothalonil is the most widely used fungicide but has been associated with negative effects on human and bee health. We designed alternative fungicide programs to examine the impact of reducing chlorothalonil use (Bravo Weather Stik) on watermelon, cantaloupe, and honeydew melon in 2016, 2017, and 2018 in Maryland. Chlorothalonil was replaced in the tank mix of weekly sprays of targeted fungicides with either polyoxin D zinc salt (Oso) or an extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis (Regalia). Powdery mildew (PM; Podosphaera xanthii), gummy stem blight (GSB; Stagonosporopsis spp.), and anthracnose (Colletotrichum orbiculare) were the most prevalent diseases to occur in the 3 years. Replacing chlorothalonil with the biopesticides as the tank-mix component of the fungicide spray program was successful in reducing GSB and PM severity in cantaloupe, honeydew melon, and watermelon compared with the untreated control, with the exception of GSB in 2017 in cantaloupe, and similar to the program including chlorothalonil in all cases, except anthracnose in watermelon. Anthracnose disease severity was not significantly reduced compared with the untreated control when chlorothalonil was replaced with the biopesticides and yields were not improved over the chlorothalonil-alone treatment in any of the trials. Therefore, replacement of chlorothalonil may not fully address its loss as a fungicide resistance management tool but efficacy can be maintained when polyoxin D is alternated with R. sachalinensis as a tank mix with targeted fungicides to manage PM and GSB.