Abstract
AbstractIn the production of conventional paving blocks, it is usual to use a minimum of 210 kg/m3 of cement. However, when portland cement is produced, it impacts negatively on the environment due to carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, this paper investigates the use of waste and by-product materials, such as run-of-station ash (ROSA), basic oxygen slag (BOS), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), plasterboard gypsum (PG), and cement bypass dust (BPD) to reduce the amount of cement in paving blocks. The combinations of binary and ternary blends in different mixes are considered. Tensile strength, skid/slip and freeze/thaw resistance of paving blocks, verified that a cementitious mix containing ROSA up to 60%, GGBS up to 55%, BPD up to 25%, and plasterboard gypsum PG up to 5% by weight can replace portland cement without having any substantial impact on the strength or durability of the blocks. XRD and XRF tests of selected mixes have been presented and discussed. Concrete blocks prepared with OP...
Highlights
In order to manufacture paving blocks, it is usual for a minimum of kg=m3 of cement to be used
This research aims to explore whether it will be possible to make paving blocks using a mixture of various waste materials, and in this way bring about a reduction in the percentage of Portland cement being used in the manufacturing material
The following conclusions can be drawn from the study: 1. Ternary materials such as run-off-station ash (ROSA), basic oxygen slag (BOS), and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) were more effective in reducing cement content than
Summary
In order to manufacture paving blocks, it is usual for a minimum of kg=m3 of cement to be used. When Portland cement is produced it impacts negatively on the environment to a significant extent due to carbon dioxide emissions. If it is possible to reduce the amount of Portland cement used by other cementitious materials, the carbon footprint of concrete products will be significantly reduced without adversely affecting its durability and other physical characteristics. The significant emissions of carbon dioxide produced in the manufacture of Portland cement presents a problem. The production of every ton of Portland cement releases approximately 1 t of carbon dioxide—a major contributor to the greenhouse gas emissions that are responsible for global warming (Ghataora et al 2004). Cement production accounts for roughly 8% of global CO2 emissions (Olivier et al 2012)
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