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Abstract
Herein we report a very simple ‘mix and heat’ synthesis of a very fine Rh-nanoparticle loaded carbon fullerene-C60 nanocatalyst (Rh(0)NPs/Fullerene-C60) for the very first time. The preparation method used no reducing agent and capping agent to control the morphology of the nanocatalyst. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results confirmed the uniform decoration of small Rh-nanoparticles on the surface of fullerene-C60. The Rh-content in Rh(0)NPs/Fullerene-C60 was found to be 2.89 wt%. The crystalline properties of Rh(0)NPs/Fullerene-C60 were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The metallic state of Rh-nanoparticles in Rh(0)NPs/Fullerene-C60 was confirmed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). Raman results depicted good interaction between Rh-nanoparticles and fullerene-C60. To our delight, the present Rh(0)NPs/Fullerene-C60 showed excellent catalytic activity in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol with NaBH4 in water. Very high kapp, k′ and TOF values of 82.14 × 10−3 min−1, 4107 × 10−3 min−1 and 138 min−1, respectively, were calculated for the Rh(0)NPs/Fullerene-C60 catalyzed reduction of 4-nitrophenol. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most efficient fullerene-based nanocatalyst for the rapid reduction of 4-nitrophenol reported to date. Moreover, the catalytic activity of Rh(0)NPs/Fullerene-C60 was also tested towards Suzuki cross-coupling reactions. Reusability of the Rh(0)NPs/Fullerene-C60 was also tested.
Highlights
Carbon nanomaterials such as graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon dots (CDs), carbon nano bers (CNFs), and nano-diamond are demonstrated to be the most suitable platform for the decoration of catalytic metal-nanoparticles.[1,2] High activity, easy recovery and reusability of such metal-nanoparticles based carbon nanocomposites are found to be signi cantly in uenced by the nature of support material used.[3]
Most of the Rh-nanostructures are produced by wet-chemical synthesis using toxic reducing or capping agents.[18,19,20,21,22,23]
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (JEOL JEM 2100F) instrument was operated at accelerating voltage of 200 kV to record the surface morphology of Rh(0)NPs/ Fullerene-C60
Summary
Paper nanoparticles supported on titanium dioxide and used as an efficient catalyst for the degradation of methyl orange and reduction of 4-nitrophenol. Kang and co-workers[25] obtained three types of Rhbased nanostructures (nanoshells, nanoframes, and porous nanoplates) through an inverse-directional galvanic replacement reaction Most of these preparation methods o en involve expensive process and toxic reagents. Our group developed a very simple ‘mix and heat’ method for the preparation of various highly active metal-nanoparticles based carbon nanocomposites for organic reaction.[26,27,28,29,30] We found that the method is efficient and uses no reducing or capping agent to control the size and shape of metal-nanostructures. Mechanism has been proposed for the Rh(0)NPs/Fullerene-C60 catalyzed 4-nitrophenol reduction of Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling reaction
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