Abstract
Variable Speed Hydro-Electric Plant (VS-HEP) equipped with power electronics has been increasingly introduced into the hydraulic context. This paper is targeting a VS-HEP Power Hardware-In-the-Loop (PHIL) real-time simulation system, which is dedicated to different hydraulic operation schemes tests and control laws validation. Then, a proper hydraulic model will be the key factor for building an efficient PHIL real-time simulation system. This work introduces a practical and generalised modelling hydraulic modelling approach, which is based on ‘Hill Charts’ measurements provided by industrial manufacturers. The hydraulic static model is analytically obtained by using mathematical optimization routines. In addition, the nonlinear dynamic model of the guide vane actuator is introduced in order to evaluate the effects of the induced dynamics on the electric control performances. Moreover, the reduced-scale models adapted to different laboratory conditions can be established by applying scaling laws. The suggested modelling approach enables the features of decent accuracy, light computational complexity, high flexibility and wide applications for their implementations on PHIL real-time simulations. Finally, a grid-connected energy conversion chain of bulb hydraulic turbine associated with a permanent magnet synchronous generator is chosen as an example for PHIL design and performance assessment.
Highlights
Hydropower, as a type of cost-competitive renewable source, has played a significant role in electricity mix [1,2]
The static features are modelled based on the ‘Hill Charts’ measurements, which are analytically generated by using optimization routines
The nonlinear dynamics of the actuator model are introduced in order to evaluate the effects of the induced dynamics on the whole electric performance
Summary
Hydropower, as a type of cost-competitive renewable source, has played a significant role in electricity mix [1,2]. The discussions above indicate that a practical and generalised modelling approach regarding various hydraulic turbines is still required for achieving efficient PHIL real-time simulations. Based on the flexible hybrid PHIL benchmark in the laboratory [19], a VS-HEP experimental benchmark is built, which is adapted to the obtained reduced-scale turbine model This rest of this paper is organized as follows: A ‘Hill Charts’ based modelling approach is presented, where a bulb turbine with adjustable guide vane actuator is chosen as an example to assess the performance. The influences of water head variations on the hydraulic static models can be neglected, which helps to reduce the modelling complexities [28] Such modelling rule is commonly employed by industrial manufacturers such as General Electric (GE), as it is sufficiently practical to reflect the real hydraulic behaviours. Varying guide vane ratio γ is considered, and the pitch angle (δ) is fixed at 0.27
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