Abstract
Objective: The aim of current study was to explore longitudinally the prevalence, severity, potential factors, and predictors of depression among Chinese Han adolescent survivors with different genotypes of tumor necrosis factor receptor-II (TNF-RII) rs1061622 after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Method: TNF-RII rs1061622 variants were examined by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism and verified by DNA sequencing. Depression symptoms were assessed by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) among 439 high school students at 6, 12, and 18 months after the earthquake. Results: No significant differences were observed in depression prevalence and BDI scores between the TT homozygotes and the G allele carriers in both the male and female subjects. However, the female TT homozygotes had a higher depression prevalence than the male TT homozygotes at 6, 12, and 18 months, whereas the female G allele carriers had a higher depression prevalence than the male G allele carriers only at 6 and 12 months after the earthquake. Moreover, BDI scores declined in the male subjects with both genotypes and only in the female G allele carriers at 12 months when compared with those at 6 months. Furthermore, the predictors of depression severity or potential factors of depression prevalence were different between the G allele carriers and the TT homozygotes at different times after the earthquake. Conclusion: It is concluded that the association of TNF-RII rs1061622 with depression is longitudinally different in Chinese Han adolescents after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The T allele may be associated with reduced recovery of depression in female adolescents in the earlier stage of depression rehabilitation.
Highlights
Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in adolescents all over the world [1,2], which appears after experiencing severe traumatic situations, such as earthquakes, violence, and other man-made or natural disasters
Simen et al [33] reported that Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) could induce depression-like symptoms even in the absence of malaise and demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor receptor-II (TNF-RII) might be involved in this response
Other differences of potential factors or predictors were observed between the type homozygotes (TT) homozygotes and the G allele carriers at 12 and 18 months after the earthquake (Tables 4 and 5). These results suggest that there may be different interplays among gender, TNF-RII rs1061622, and other predictors or potential factors at different times after the stress induced by the earthquake to affect depression, the effects may be minor
Summary
Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in adolescents all over the world [1,2], which appears after experiencing severe traumatic situations, such as earthquakes, violence, and other man-made or natural disasters. Previous studies indicated that natural disasters had a significant influence on the percentage of adolescents experiencing depression [6], which included earthquakes [7,8,9]. These differences in depression prevalence after earthquakes across the surveys might be due to the degree of damages, the timing of psychiatric. Public Health 2018, 15, 1075; doi:10.3390/ijerph15061075 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
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