Abstract
Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders in children and affects 3 to 5% of school-aged children. This study is to demonstrate whether functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can detect the changes in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-HB) in children with ADHD and typically developing children (TD children).Method: In this study, 14 children with ADHD and 15 TD children were studied. Metabolic signals of functional blood oxygen were recorded by using fNIRS during go/no-go task. A statistic method is used to compare the fNIRS between the ADHD children and controls.Results: A significant oxy-HB increase in the left frontopolar cortex (FPC) in control subjects but not in children with ADHD during inhibitory tasks. Moreover, ADHD children showed reduced activation in left FPC relative to TD children.Conclusion: Functional brain imaging using fNIRS showed reduced activation in the left prefrontal cortex (PFC) of children with ADHD during the inhibition task. The fNIRS could be a promising tool for differentiating children with ADHD and TD children.
Highlights
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders in children and affects 3 to 5%of school-aged children
We evaluated the activation of children with ADHD and TD children in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during go/no-go task through Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)
We screened for any fNIRS channels involved in the go/no-go task for control and ADHD contrasts
Summary
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders in children and affects 3 to 5%of school-aged children. The ADHD is mainly characterized by age-inappropriate symptoms of hyperactivity, inattentiveness, and impulsivity (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). These primary symptoms can be identified in children with ADHD during early elementary school years (Mucina, 2005). Reduced PFC Activation in ADHD develop comorbidities, including oppositional defiant disorder, antisocial behavior, substance abuse, and problems associated with conduct and learning later in life (Klassen et al, 2004; Wehmeier et al, 2010). The ADHD affects response inhibition, which is the ability to inhibit inappropriate thoughts and actions. Several studies found that inhibitory dysfunction is a key neurophysiological defect of ADHD (Durston et al, 2003; Smith et al, 2006; Bledsoe et al, 2010), and prefrontal cortex (PFC) is one of the most important region that highly influences response inhibition (Schmitz et al, 2006; Zang et al, 2006; Kana et al, 2007)
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