Reduced IgG2 with thrombocytopenia predicts mortality in patients with influenza pneumonia

Abstract

BackgroundThrombocytopenia is a common disorder during influenza that is related to high mortality. ObjectivesA prospective study was performed to investigate the association of immunoglobulin subclass changes accompanying incident thrombocytopenia with clinical outcomes in patients with severe influenza. Methods96 influenza patients were recruited and divided into two groups, patients with thrombocytopenia (n = 30) and patients without thrombocytopenia (n = 66). Plasma microarrays were used for quantitative analysis of immunoglobulins. The endpoint was 28-day mortality. Continuous platelet count, d-dimer, level of each Ig subclass and other variables were compared between the two groups. Kaplan-Meier curve was taken to analyze the 28-day survival rate of the two groups and Cox regression analysis was performed to identify variables independently associated with 28-day mortality. ResultsPatients with thrombocytopenia had significantly high values of d-dimer at admission and when platelet lowest with high SOFA score. Their IgA2, IgG2, and IgG4 values were also lower than those without thrombocytopenia. Patients without thrombocytopenia had a higher 28-day survival rate than those in the thrombocytopenia group. In the multivariate Cox regression model, age (HR = 1.036, 95%CI = 1.011–1.062), IgG2 (HR = 0.990, 95%CI = 0.982–0.998), platelet minimum within 28 days (HR = 0.991, 95%CI = 0.982–0.999) and d-dimer when platelet lowest (HR = 1.091, 95%CI = 1.047–1.137) were independently related to 28-day mortality. ConclusionDecreased IgG2 may be associated with thrombocytopenia. A coexistence of thrombocytopenia, IgG2 reduction and d-dimer elevation may improve the accuracy of mortality prediction in patients with influenza pneumonia.