Abstract
Composites based on graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) with different mass ratios (8, 100 and 600) were synthesized through the hydrothermal method at 100 °C and used as reinforcement materials to commercial glass-ionomers cements (GIC). X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization confirmed the graphite oxidation and ZnO formation as a wurtzite phase. Infrared spectroscopy analyses showed bands of oxygen-containing groups on the GO surface, which reduced after thermal treatment and RGO formation. D and G bands were observed in all samples synthesized, which presented morphology similar to flowers with a crystallite size of 18 nm. The effect on the mechanical properties of GIC after reinforcement with 0.1 wt% of RGO and 3 wt% of the composites was evaluated using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). It was verified slight improvements in the hardness of GIC.
Highlights
Graphene has received substantial attention due to its unique properties such as high surface area, electron conductivity, chemical, and thermal stability[1,2,3]
Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum of the synthesized graphene oxide (GO) presented in Figure 2 shows bands related to oxygenated groups: C=O at 1734 cm-1; C-OH at 1400 cm-1; and C-O at 1070 cm-1, confirming the oxidation of graphite[39,40]
FTIR spectrum of zinc oxide (ZnO) and ZnO composites with GO and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) are very similar
Summary
Graphene has received substantial attention due to its unique properties such as high surface area, electron conductivity, chemical, and thermal stability[1,2,3]. Graphene and its derivatives have been tested for mechanical reinforcement of certain materials in dentistry[31], as in hydroxyapatite composites[32], in calcium silicate cement[33], in polymethyl methacrylate[34,35,36] and glass-ionomer cement[37,38]. In these works, there were reported improvements in mechanical properties with the incorporation of graphene or its derivatives. The composite was obtained by hydrothermal method and was structural and morphologically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM)
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