Abstract
AbstractHow is muscle force modulated during hand exercise? Oxygenation in the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) has been observed to vary considerably across trials of repetitive handgrip exercise. No linear relationship was observed between the average value of oxygenation determined by a block design study and the force of the handgrip. We found reduced oxygenation in the ipsilateral M1 and unchanged oxygenation in the contralateral M1 during repetitive static handgrip exercises (40% and 60% maximal voluntary contraction; 10 s exercise/75 s rest; 5 sets), which might be due to short-term motor learning. These results support the hypothesis that the ipsilateral M1 might functionally compensate for the contralateral M1 in force modulation during unilateral exercises.
Highlights
Studies to confirm the relationship between oxygenation in the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) and power output in humans have yielded contradictory results[1,2,3]
If the ipsilateral M1 does not control muscle force in a complementary manner or if the ipsilateral M1 modulates muscle force predominantly, the oxygenation in the ipsilateral M1 should not decrease with the habituation of an exercise task
Changes in bilateral M1 oxygenation were measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during 5 repetitions of the handgrip task [exercise: 10 s, rest: 75 s; the tasks were performed at 40% and 60% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)]
Summary
Studies to confirm the relationship between oxygenation in the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) and power output in humans have yielded contradictory results[1,2,3]. Force modulation of an artificial hand by the brain is a key factor in the development of artificial hands through the application of BMI technology. Some researchers have described the relationship between force modulation and the ipsilateral M1 oxygenation[1,8].
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