Abstract
A novel method based on phasor interpolation is proposed for solving the distribution system problem of computing bus neutral voltages as functions of bus grounding impedances. The proposed approach has the salient feature of exponentially reduced computational complexity, with respect to the number of groundable buses, when compared to the standard procedure of iterating load flow for all grounding impedance setups. This is achieved by computing load flow for a subset of grounding impedances and subsequently estimating voltage for the remaining cases via phasor interpolation. To validate the proposed method, case studies based on computer simulations are considered for assessing estimation error and processing time of the proposed method. Obtained results confirm that the proposed methods yields significant reduction of execution time with low error in the estimation of neutral voltages, compared to exact results computed via standard procedures based on iteration of load flow algorithms.
Highlights
Distribution systems have undergone a rapid transition from traditional infrastructure based on radial feeders supplying passive consumers with predictable load profiles to the massive integration of highly stochastic distributed generation in increasingly meshed grids
Aside from operational problems caused in electrical loads, a symptom that arises from phase unbalance is undesirable circulation of excessive neutral current in three-phase four-wire systems
More recent works in the literature have considered the application of different load flow algorithms for the assessment of neutral voltage [10]–[17]. The majority of such works consist in extensions of known load flow algorithms to incorporate explicit neutral representation to enable the computation of neutral voltage. We review such methods and discuss difficulties associated to their usage for solving an important problem, namely computing neutral voltage as a function of grounding impedance is desired
Summary
Distribution systems have undergone a rapid transition from traditional infrastructure based on radial feeders supplying passive consumers with predictable load profiles to the massive integration of highly stochastic distributed generation in increasingly meshed grids. This scenario has led to an increase in attention directed towards power quality problems that may arise or be worsened due to operational aspects of modern distribution systems [1]–[5]. Among such problems, significant phase unbalance may be caused by distributed generators installed in the distribution system [6]–[8]. Among the issues caused by excessive neutral voltage, significant examples are the risk of electric shock due to bonding of higher voltages to metallic chassis of equipment via protection conductors and
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