Abstract
Cherenkov Radiation (CR), this blue glow seen in nuclear reactors, is an optical light originating from energetic β-emitter radionuclides. CR emitter 90Y triggers a cascade of energy transfers in the presence of a mixed population of fluorophores (which each other match their respective absorption and emission maxima): Cherenkov Radiation Energy Transfer (CRET) first, followed by multiple Förster Resonance Energy transfers (FRET): CRET ratios were calculated to give a rough estimate of the transfer efficiency. While CR is blue-weighted (300–500 nm), such cascades of Energy Transfers allowed to get a) fluorescence emission up to 710 nm, which is beyond the main CR window and within the near-infrared (NIR) window where biological tissues are most transparent, b) to amplify this emission and boost the radiance on that window: EMT6-tumor bearing mice injected with both a radionuclide and a mixture of fluorophores having a good spectral overlap, were shown to have nearly a two-fold radiance boost (measured on a NIR window centered on the emission wavelength of the last fluorophore in the Energy Transfer cascade) compared to a tumor injected with the radionuclide only. Some CR embarked light source could be converted into a near-infrared radiation, where biological tissues are most transparent.
Highlights
Larger transfers towards the NIR window (Fig. 1C), which will be described using more than a single population of fluorophores (Table 1)
This study describes the utilization of a technology relying on the combination of Cherenkov Radiation Energy Transfer (CRET) and Förster Resonance Energy Transfers (FRET) processes that will be examined both on a spectrofluorimeter and an optical imager, and subsequently used to achieve Cherenkov Luminescence Imaging (CLI) in vivo on tumor-bearing mice in the NIR window
Fluorescein is subject to one energy transfer (CRET), whereas rhodamine-6G is subject to two transfers occurring simultaneously (CRET from 90Y and FRET from fluorescein)
Summary
Cherenkov Radiation (CR), this blue glow seen in nuclear reactors, is an optical light originating from energetic β-emitter radionuclides. Cherenkov Radiation (CR) is the blue glow that may be seen in nuclear reactors (Fig. 1A)[1,2,3] It arises during nuclear disintegration when emitted beta particles are energetic enough to move in a medium at a higher speed than light, and results in the emission of photons in the optical window[1,2,3]. Larger transfers towards the NIR window (Fig. 1C), which will be described using more than a single population of fluorophores (Table 1) Such a goal will focus both on the extent of the overall (Stokes) shifts and on the ratio of light being transferred: the overall goal of the study is a significant consumption of CR and subsequent
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