Abstract
Redox regulation has recently been proposed as a critical intracellular mechanism affecting cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Redox homeostasis has also been implicated in a variety of degenerative neurological disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. In fact, it is hypothesized that markers of oxidative stress precede pathologic lesions in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Several therapeutic approaches have been suggested so far to improve the endogenous defense against oxidative stress and its harmful effects. Among such approaches, the use of artificial antioxidant systems has gained increased popularity as an effective strategy. Nanoscale drug delivery systems loaded with enzymes, bioinspired catalytic nanoparticles and other nanomaterials have emerged as promising candidates. The development of degradable hydrogels scaffolds with antioxidant effects could also enable scientists to positively influence cell fate. This current review summarizes nanobiomaterial-based approaches for redox regulation and their potential applications as central nervous system neurodegenerative disease treatments.
Highlights
Introductionnigra pars compactaNeurodegenerative diseases (NDs) resulting from the loss of specific dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta
Introduction is a progressivenigra pars compactaNeurodegenerative diseases (NDs) resulting from the loss of specific dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compactaNeurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by symp- and reduced DA levels in the nigrostriatal DA pathway in the toms associated with a disorder of movement, memory, and brain.[4,5]Despite significant progress in the management of NDs overD
By being the interface between the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral blood circulation, the BBB and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, tightly protect it by restricting the paracellular diffusion of harmful substances and facilitating nutrient transport. These selectively permeable barriers have become a major challenge in delivering drugs into the nervous system for the treatment of NDs, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD)
Summary
ND resulting from the loss of specific dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by symp- and reduced DA levels in the nigrostriatal DA pathway in the toms associated with a disorder of movement, memory, and brain.[4,5]. Despite significant progress in the management of NDs over. W. Song UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration Division of Surgery and Interventional Science the recent years, the early diagnostic and treatment options remain limited. Patients currently suffering from NDs have no available disease-modifying treatments. Patients are offered a therapeutic plan focused on the management of their
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