Abstract
Ti is usually tetravalent in silicate glasses. It may be trivalent under very reduced conditions, but this remains unclear. In this study, in situ Ti K-edge XANES experiments were performed on four different Ti-bearing melts, equilibrated at high temperatures using a micro-furnace with controlled atmosphere. No formation of Ti3+ was observed, even at fO2 ∼ 10−15 (estimated). Instead, systematic crystallisation of the melts was observed. In experiments at fO2 ≤ 10−12, the system favours Ti4+ crystallisation instead of reduction to Ti3+ in the studied melts. Fluxing melts with reduced gas mixtures, like Ar-2%H2, may be a novel way to induce surface crystallisation and produce ceramic-coated glass materials.
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