Redox homeostasis in plants under abiotic stress: role of electron carriers, energy metabolism mediators and proteinaceous thiols

Dhriti Kapoor,Harpreet Kaur,Ravdeep Kaur,Renu Bhardwaj,Vandana Gautam,Amandeep Rattan,Neha Handa,Poonam Yadav,Resham Sharma

doi:10.3389/fenvs.2015.00013

Dhriti Kapoor, Harpreet Kaur + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2015.00013

Copy DOI

Abstract

Contemporaneous presence of both oxidized and reduced forms of electron carriers is mandatory in efficient flux by plant electron transport cascades. This requirement is considered as redox poising that involves the movement of electron from multiple sites in respiratory and photosynthetic electron transport chains to molecular oxygen. This flux triggers the formation of superoxide, consequently give rise to other reactive oxygen species (ROS) under adverse environmental conditions like drought, high or low temperature, heavy metal stress etc. that plants owing during their life span. Plant cells synthesize ascorbate, an additional hydrophilic redox buffer, which protect the plants against oxidative challenge. Large pools of antioxidants also preside over the redox homeostasis. Besides, tocopherol is a liposoluble redox buffer, which efficiently scavenges the ROS like singlet oxygen. In addition, proteinaceous thiol members such as thioredoxin, peroxiredoxin and glutaredoxin, electron carriers and energy metabolism mediators phosphorylated (NADP) and non-phosphorylated (NAD+) coenzyme forms interact with ROS, metabolize and maintain redox homeostasis.

Highlights

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCERedox homeostasis in plants under abiotic stress: role of electron carriers, energy metabolism mediators and proteinaceous thiols
During cellular respiration, the accretion of molecular oxygen (O2) in earth’s environment allows aerobic organisms to utilize O2 as the terminal electron acceptor that gives a higher amount of energy than fermentation (Dismukes et al, 2001).O2 gives rise to prolific reactive excited states, like reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their derivatives during normal metabolic activity as a consequence of various environmental perturbations (Scandalios, 2005)
ROS is a product of cellular metabolism; the balance between the generation and removal of ROS is disturbed in cellular components of plants under stress conditions (Karuppanapandian et al, 2011)

Summary

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

Redox homeostasis in plants under abiotic stress: role of electron carriers, energy metabolism mediators and proteinaceous thiols. Reviewed by: Mohammad Mobin, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia Noushina Iqbal, Aligarh Muslim University, India Contemporaneous presence of both oxidized and reduced forms of electron carriers is mandatory in efficient flux by plant electron transport cascades. This requirement is considered as redox poising that involves the movement of electron from multiple sites in respiratory and photosynthetic electron transport chains to molecular oxygen. This flux triggers the formation of superoxide, give rise to other reactive oxygen species (ROS) under adverse environmental conditions like drought, high, or low temperature, heavy metal stress etc.

INTRODUCTION

CONCLUSION