Abstract
The significance of a redox flow battery (RFB) in three-area systems with combined automatic load frequency control (ALFC) and automatic voltage regulator is demonstrated in this article. The system consists of the thermal, solar thermal power plant, dish-Stirling solar thermal plant, and hydro plant. A new cascade fractional-order (FO) proportional-integral (FOPI) and FOPD with filter coefficient (N) name as CFOPI-FOPDN controller is proposed as a secondary controller for the ALFC loop. The controller parameters are optimized using an artificial flora optimization algorithm. Analysis of dynamics responses reveals that the CFOPI-FOPDN controller provides better system dynamics than the PIDN and PI controllers. Overshoot, undershoot, and oscillations are reduced as the RFB is integrated into all areas of the system. The frequency deviation is a better input to RFB than the area control error signal for dynamic system performance improvement. Sensitivity analysis reflects that the optimized proposed controller parameters at nominal condition are robust and need not be reset repeatedly for a wide variation of system loading.KeywordsALFCAVRArtificial flora algorithmCFOPI-FOPDN controllerRFB
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