Abstract
Hypostomus subcarinatus Castelnau, 1855 is rediscovered in the Lagoa da Pampulha, an urban lake in the Rio das Velhas basin (Rio São Francisco system) in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Herein, H. subcarinatus is redescribed and diagnosed from its congeners based on characters such as blue-tan dorsal fin in live specimens, slender bicuspid teeth, dentaries angled more than 90 degrees, moderate keels along lateral series of plates, small roundish dark spots, one plate bordering supraoccipital, by having nuptial odontodes mainly on pectoral, dorsal and caudal-fin rays, and long anal-fin unbranched ray. The rediscovery of H. subcarinatus more than 160 years after its original description was an unexpected event, because the Lagoa da Pampulha is an artificial, silted and polluted urban lake. The lake is located in downtown Belo Horizonte, the third largest urban agglomeration in Brazil with a population exceeding 5.9 million inhabitants.
Highlights
The loricariid Hypostomus subcarinatus was described by Castelnau [1] from a vague type locality stated as “des rivière de la province des Mines” [streams from the state of Minas Gerais]
H. subcarinatus is redescribed and diagnosed from its congeners based on characters such as blue-tan dorsal fin in live specimens, slender bicuspid teeth, dentaries angled more than 90 degrees, moderate keels along lateral series of plates, small roundish dark spots, one plate bordering supraoccipital, by having nuptial odontodes mainly on pectoral, dorsal and caudal-fin rays, and long anal-fin unbranched ray
Hypostomus subcarinatus is distinguished from all congeners by having a bluetan dorsal fin in living specimens
Summary
The loricariid Hypostomus subcarinatus was described by Castelnau [1] from a vague type locality stated as “des rivière de la province des Mines” [streams from the state of Minas Gerais] It was hypothetically associated with Eastern Brazilian coastal drainages and to the Rio São Francisco basin [2]. Despite some ichthyological survey efforts in these systems [3,4], no scientific record of H. subcarinatus was undoubtedly stated for more than 160 years. This historical lack of records of H. subcarinatus lead to some hypotheses, a) an erroneous locality designation in the original description by Castelnau; b) species rarity or endemicity to specific locations; c) several ongoing populational extinction processes; or d) imprecise identifications.
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