Abstract
Until now, the monotypic North American genus Cainosternum Notman was known only from the unique female holotype collected in Chautauqua County, N.Y., near Westfield. A male and female specimen of C. imbricatum Notman reported here are from the southern Appalachians of western North Carolina (Macon County, near Highlands), where they were collected from rhododendron leaf litter near a stream above 900 m elevation. A generic diagnosis, redescription of C. imbricatum Notman, illustrations of diagnostic characters, and discussions of cladistic and ecological relationships are given. Cainosternum is provisionally assigned to the tribe Agathidiini (=Anisotomini) on the basis of sexually dimorphic tarsomere numbers, a putative synapomorph for the tribe.
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