Rediscovering the small theatre and amphitheatre of ancient Ierapytna (SE Crete) by integrated geophysical methods

Abstract

The ancient theatres comprise a unique group of excellent architecture retaining their magnificence through the centuries. Recently there is an increased interest in activities associated with their restoration and exhibition. During the preliminary stage of planning restoration activities, geophysical prospection methods can provide the only non-destructive tool to identify the preservation level of such monuments. The importance of the implementation of different geophysical techniques is signified through the representation of two case studies from Greece. A suite of integrated geophysical methodologies composed of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), three-dimensional (3-D) Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), electrical resistance, gradiometer mapping techniques and seismic methods (refraction tomography and Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave-MASW) techniques were evaluated in rediscovering the small theatre and the amphitheatre of Ierapetra (SE Crete). The geophysical investigations followed the descriptions, maps and plans given by past travellers of Crete who witnessed and recorded the existence of these monuments centuries ago. Although the accuracy of such evidence has been frequently questioned in the past, geophysical approaches can be used as a tool for verifying the older testimonies. Despite the difficulties in such an effort these works’ results revealed the importance of geophysical methods in the preservation of these monuments.