Abstract
The morphology and morphogenesis of Pseudosincirra longicirrata nov. gen. and nov. comb., isolated from southern China, were investigated with living observation and protargol staining. Our population is similar to the original population in living characteristics and ciliary patterns. The main determinable morphogenetic features of P. longicirrata nov. comb. are the presence of five frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen (FVT-anlagen) and a dorsomarginal kinety anlage. According to the origin of FVT-anlagen IV and V in proter, it can be determined that P. longicirrata nov. comb. possesses two frontoventral rows and one right marginal row. Hence, a new genus, Pseudosincirra nov. gen., is proposed, and the diagnosis of P. longicirrata nov. comb. is improved. The new genus is diagnosed as follows: adoral zone of membranelles and undulating membranes is in a Gonostomum pattern; there are three enlarged frontal cirri, one buccal cirrus, and one parabuccal cirrus; postperistomial cirrus and transverse cirri are lacking; there are two more or less long frontoventral rows and one right and two or more left marginal rows; cirri within all rows very widely spaced; dorsal kinety pattern is of Urosomoida type, that is, three dorsal kineties and one dorsomarginal kinety; and caudal cirri are present. Phylogenetic analyses based on the small subunit ribosomal (SSU rDNA) sequence data indicate that P. longicirrata nov. comb. clusters with Deviata and Perisincirra. It is considered that Pseudosincirra nov. gen. and Perisincirra paucicirrata should be assigned to the family Deviatidae; fine cirri, and cirri within all rows being relatively widely spaced, should be considered as plesiomorphies of Deviatidae; and Deviatidae is closely related to Dorsomarginalia or Strongylidium–Hemiamphisiella–Pseudouroleptus.
Highlights
Ciliates are a large group of unicellular eukaryotes, many of which have cosmopolitan distributions (Corliss, 1979; Lynn, 2008)
Diagnosis The new genus is diagnosed as follows: adoral zone of membranelles and undulating membranes is in Gonostomum pattern
In terms of having three more or less long cirral rows right in the cell midline, two or more cirral rows left of the cell midline, and a dorsomarginal kinety, Pseudosincirra nov. gen. should be compared with six genera, namely, Afrokahliella Berger, 2011; Fragmocirrus Foissner, 2000; Idiodeviata Foissner, 2016; Kahliella
Summary
Ciliates are a large group of unicellular eukaryotes, many of which have cosmopolitan distributions (Corliss, 1979; Lynn, 2008). Hypotrichs are the most complex and highly differentiated group of ciliates, have a huge diversity with over 1,000 nominal species, and are abundant in waters (Berger, 1999, 2006, 2008, 2011; Foissner, 1999; Foissner, 2016; Song and Shao, 2017; Paiva, 2020; Shao et al, 2020; Wang et al, 2021). This group is playing an important role in the remineralization of organic material in aquatic ecosystems (Foissner, 1999). Previous studies have shown that the dorsal infraciliature is at least as important as the ventral ciliary pattern for the estimation of the major phylogenetic relationships within the hypotrichs, and its application to the systematics of stichotrichids may prove to be beneficial (Foissner et al, 2002; Berger, 2011)
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