Redefining the Landscape of Protein Extraction and Separation from Various Sources using Deep Eutectic Solvents

Abstract

BackgroundThe conventional organic solvents used in traditional protein extraction methods produce huge amounts of toxic waste and are also responsible for protein denaturation. Because of the increasing need for protein in recent times, organic solvents need to be replaced with safer solvents. Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) have been considered as newer green solvents due to their enhanced effectiveness, lower cost, easy preparation and eco-friendly nature. DESs are known for tunable solvation power and biocompatibility. DESs have the ability to extract protein with better extraction efficiency and higher yield. Scope and approachThis review discusses up-to-date insights into the applicability and efficiency of DESs in the separation and extraction of proteins, including plant proteins, animal proteins and food proteins. It emphasizes the role of DES to overcome the downsides of using organic solvents/salts in view of preserving the stability and identity of proteins, denaturation and loss of biological activity of extracted proteins. The application of DES-based aqueous biphasic systems can also be considered for better extraction processes and yields. Key findings and conclusionsDESs have emerged as viable alternative to toxic solvents for protein extraction, offering unparalleled performance and promise. However, protein extraction from a variety of sources is still difficult because of the choice of HBA & HBD for DES formation, their molar ratio, interaction with proteins, biodegradability and ability to preserve protein structure. A detailed study of these factors can help to build an efficient extraction process on an industrial scale.