Red wine protects diabetic patients from meal-induced oxidative stress and thrombosis activation: a pleasant approach to the prevention of cardiovascular disease in diabetes.

Abstract

Oxidative stress and thrombosis have been reported to be increased in diabetic patients and involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications. It has been demonstrated in diabetic patients that consumption of a meal is accompanied by the generation of an oxidative stress and of a hypercoagulable state. It is well recognized that red wine shows antithrombotic activity and that its ingestion increases plasma antioxidant capacity in man. In this study the possibility that red wine consumption may reduce the oxidative stress and thrombosis produced postprandially in diabetic patients has been evaluated. Twenty type 2 diabetic patients were studied during fasting consumption of 300 mL of red wine, or during a meal accompanied, or not, by red wine ingestion. Plasma glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total plasma radical-trapping capacity, activated factor VII and prothrombin fragments 1 + 2 were measured in basal state and at 60, 120 and 180 min after the start of each experiment. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation was also evaluated at baseline and after 120 min Plasma glucose, insulin, triglycerides and LDL oxidation significantly increased, while the total plasma radical-trapping parameter significantly decreased during the meal test. Consumption of red wine in the fasting state significantly increased total plasma radical-trapping parameter activity, while wine ingestion with a meal counterbalanced the decrease of total plasma radical-trapping parameter and the increase of LDL oxidation. Meal consumption induced an increase in plasma prothrombin fragments 1 + 2 and activated factor VII in diabetic patients. Wine ingestion with the meal significantly reduced the production of both prothrombin fragments 1 + 2 and activated factor VII. Fasting consumption of red wine alone did not show effects on coagulation or LDL oxidation. This finding confirms that in the absorptive phase free radicals are produced in diabetic patients, which reduce serum antioxidant defences, increase LDL oxidation and activate the coagulation system. Red wine consumption during a meal significantly preserves plasma antioxidant defences and reduces both LDL oxidation and thrombotic activation. The consumption of a moderate amount of red wine during meals may have a beneficial effect in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients.