Red Wine Grape Pomace Attenuates Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Damage and Increases Survival in Association with Improved Plasma Antioxidant Activity in a Murine Model of Lethal Ischemic Heart Disease.

Katherine Rivera,Cristián Tejos,Paula De La Cerda,Druso Pérez,Sara Dicenta,Sergio Uribe,Attilio Rigotti,Inés Urquiaga,Dolores Busso,Pablo Irarrázaval,Guadalupe Echeverría,Leticia González,Marcelo E Andia,Gonzalo Martínez,Francisca Salas-Pérez

doi:10.3390/nu11092135

Katherine Rivera, Cristián Tejos + Show 13 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092135

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Abstract

A healthy dietary pattern and high quality nutrient intake reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. Red wine grape pomace (RWGP)—a rich natural source of dietary fiber and antioxidants—appears to be a potential functional food ingredient. The impact of a dietary supplementation with RWGP flour was evaluated in atherogenic diet-fed SR-B1 KO/ApoER61h/h mice, a model of lethal ischemic heart disease. SR-B1 KO/ApoER61h/h mice were fed with atherogenic (high fat, cholesterol, and cholic acid, HFC) diet supplemented with: (a) 20% chow (HFC-Control), (b) 20% RWGP flour (HFC-RWGP), or (c) 10% chow/10% oat fiber (HFC-Fiber); and survival time was evaluated. In addition, SR-B1 KO/ApoER61h/h mice were fed for 7 or 14 days with HFC-Control or HFC-RWGP diets and plasma lipid levels, inflammation, oxidative damage, and antioxidant activity were measured. Atherosclerosis and myocardial damage were assessed by histology and magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. Supplementation with RWGP reduced premature death, changed TNF-α and IL-10 levels, and increased plasma antioxidant activity. Moreover, decreased atheromatous aortic and brachiocephalic plaque sizes and attenuated myocardial infarction and dysfunction were also observed. These results suggest that RWGP flour intake may be used as a non-pharmacological therapeutic approach, contributing to decreased progression of atherosclerosis, reduced coronary heart disease, and improved cardiovascular outcomes.

Highlights

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory condition induced by the accumulation of cholesterol deposits within the arterial wall triggering an inflammatory response, leading to a pathological intimal lesion, which contributes to the development of ischemic cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1,2,3]
The survival study was performed to investigate the effect of Red wine grape pomace (RWGP) supplementation on lifespan of atherogenic diet-fed SR-B1 KO/ApoER61h/h mice
HFC-Fiber group did not improve lifespan. This finding indicates that the effect of RWGP was not related to mere dilution of the atherogenic diet, mere presence of fiber, or changes in overall food/water intake among groups, but it was most likely due to Nutrients 2019, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW

Summary

Introduction

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory condition induced by the accumulation of cholesterol deposits within the arterial wall triggering an inflammatory response, leading to a pathological intimal lesion, which contributes to the development of ischemic cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1,2,3]. In primary and secondary prevention, statins are the lipid-lowering drug class of choice in order to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality due to atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) [4]. Despite their effectiveness, more than half of patients who use statins still develop ischemic events due to coronary artery and cerebrovascular diseases [5]. While soluble fiber reduces intestinal cholesterol absorption and, blood cholesterol levels [7], natural antioxidants inactivate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduce oxidative damage, a process involved in the beginning and development of chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis [8,9,10]

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