Abstract
The features of the formation of productivity of potatoes of the Red Scarlett variety were studied during cultivation against the background of applying different combinations of organic, mineral, sideral fertilizers and straw in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga. The studies were carried out in the field experiment in 2014–2016 on gray forest soil with medium loam particle size distribution, on the experimental field of the Department of Plant Growing and Horticulture at KSAU. The humus content in the soil of the experimental plot was 3.48-3.65 % (according to Tyurin), labile phosphorus amounted to 128-135, exchange potassium amounted to 152–165 mg/kg of soil (according to Kirsanov), pH of the salt extract was 5.5-5.6. The experiments were performed on eight grounds with mineral nutrition. The potato yield in the reference ground due to natural fertility was 18.26 t/ha. Separate application of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N60P60K90 over an average of three years increased the tuber yield as compared to the reference of 10.19 ha, while the introduction of 60 t/ha of manure increased the yield by 8.95 t/ha. Using a traditional fertilizer system (N60P60K90 + 60 t of manure), the yield was 34.95 t/ha. As a result of the transition to the biological fertilizer system (background + green manure + straw), the yield increased to 36.26 t/ha, which is 1.31 t/ha higher compared to the traditional fertilizer system. On average, over 3 years, the maximum tuber yield of 37.48 t/ha was obtained by applying mineral and organic fertilizers, as well as straw. Sidereal fertilizers and straw provided an increase in the yield of tubers of 7.81 t/ha. The best results for the dry matter content (22.05 %) and starch (16.04 %) were demonstrated by tubers from the reference variant. More protein (2.95 %) and vitamin C (21.24 mg %) contained in tubers from the variant when mineral fertilizers were applied in a dose (N60P60K90-background) + green manure + straw.
Highlights
Five main periods are distinguished in the development of potato plants
The purpose of our research is to study the features of the formation of Red Scarlett potatoes with traditional (N60Р60К90 + 60 t/ha of manure as background) fertilization, transition to biological fertilization and biological fertilization backgrounds in the forest-steppe of Middle Volga
The highest tuber yield (37.48 t/ha) was when organic and mineral fertilizers were combined with straw, and the yield increased by 19.22 t/ha compared to the reference variant
Summary
Five main periods are distinguished in the development of potato plants. The first period is from the germination of tubers to the emergence of seedlings. With the onset of the biological minimum temperature in the tuber, the intensity of respiration increases, starch turns into sugar, which moves along the vascular bundles to the eyes. The buds of the eyes swell and germinate. The eyes of the apical part of the tuber are more viable and germinate earlier than the lower ones. This phenomenon is called the dominance of the apex (apical germination). Apical shoots should be removed before the seed potato tubers are germinated
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