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Abstract
The present study aimed to (a) establish the frequency of consumption of red meat and eggs; (b) determine serum ferritin levels (μg/l); and (c) establish the relationship between serum ferritin and the consumption of red meat and eggs. In Colombia during 2014-2018, an analytical study was conducted in 13 243 Colombian children between the ages of 5 and 17 years, based on cross-sectional data compiled by ENSIN-2015 (Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional en Colombia-2015) on serum ferritin levels and dietary consumption based on a questionnaire of the frequency of consumption. Using simple and multiple linear regression, with the serum ferritin level as the dependent variable and the frequency of consumption as the main explanatory variable, the crude and adjusted partial regression coefficients (β) between serum ferritin levels and consumption were calculated. The frequency of habitual consumption of red meat was 0⋅49 (95 % CI 0⋅47, 0⋅51) times/d. The frequency of habitual egg consumption was 0⋅76 (95 % CI 0⋅74, 0⋅78) times per d. The mean serum ferritin level in men was 41⋅9 (95 % CI 40⋅6, 43⋅1) μg/l and in women, 35⋅7 (95 % CI 34⋅3, 37⋅7) μg/l (P < 0⋅0001). The adjusted β between the consumption of red meat and eggs and serum ferritin levels were β = 3⋅0 (95 % CI 1⋅2, 4⋅7) and β = 2⋅5 (95 % CI 1⋅0, 3⋅9) for red meat and eggs, respectively. In conclusion, red meat and eggs are determinants of serum ferritin levels in Colombia and, therefore, could be considered public policy options to reduce anaemia and Fe deficiency.
Highlights
The present study aimed to (a) establish the frequency of consumption of red meat and eggs; (b) determine serum ferritin levels; and (c) establish the relationship between serum ferritin and the consumption of red meat and eggs
Prevalence of usual consumption of red meat and eggs greater than 90 % confirm that the goal set for 2015 in the National Development Plan (Plan Nacional de Desarrollo (PND)) Colombia 2014–2018 was reached[20], the recommendation to increase the percentage of people who consume meat and eggs on a daily basis should technically be understood as increasing the frequency/d of consumption rather than the prevalence
It could be established that, in children between 5 and 17 years of age in Colombia, the average frequency of usual consumption of red meat is lower than the consumption of eggs
Summary
The present study aimed to (a) establish the frequency of consumption of red meat and eggs; (b) determine serum ferritin levels (μg/l); and (c) establish the relationship between serum ferritin and the consumption of red meat and eggs. Red meat and eggs are part of the traditional dietary pattern of the Colombian population[6,7,8], and the prevalence of consumption in a month for these two items is over 90 %(9,10) They are sources of haem Fe: 100 g of red meat and eggs have 2⋅7 and 1⋅7 mg, Abbreviations: ENSIN-2015, Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional en Colombia-2015 (National Survey of the Nutritional Situation of Colombia-2015); SF, serum ferritin. Anaemia is the best-known consequence of all those resulting from Fe deficiency, but decreased muscle strength and ability to work[14], along with altered immune system and inability to regulate body temperature, are common[15,16] These are the most relevant outcomes at an early age but, in the long term, behavioural alterations and irreparable cognitive deficits in children may be observed[17,18,19].
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