Red cell genotyping in Thailand: trends for blood transfusion in Asian populations

Abstract

Numerous molecular techniques have been employed to determine well‐matched blood units for patients in need, particularly those requiring blood transfusions within 3 months and presenting positive DAT results. Only specialized reference laboratories use commercially available kits for red cell (RC) genotyping due to their expense and requiring extremely sophisticated instruments. Moreover, regarding complicated cases, particular typing reagents may be unavailable or insufficient. Therefore, identifying and confirming the compatibility of the blood units donated would require more time. This article aims to review the present uses of RC genotyping in Thailand and their significant contributions to transfusion practices in Asian populations. RC genotyping using PCR‐sequence‐specific primer (PCR‐SSP) and multiplex PCR (M‐PCR) has been established and used in patient and donor populations. The results of genotyping acquired by PCR‐SSP and M‐PCR were precise and in agreement with serological techniques. Predicted phenotypes of clinically significant blood group systems have been used to determine the compatibility of RC units among Thai patients having multiple antibodies. As a result, one additional advantage is the expanded storing of donated, frozen rare blood types. RC genotyping for high‐ and low‐prevalence antigens among differing Asian ethnicities requires consideration. RC genotyping employing these advanced PCR techniques could provide testing results that are both reliable and appropriate to screen suitable donor blood units in complex cases or patients presenting rare blood types. In addition, comparable strategies could be employed in other Asian populations using limited resources.