Abstract
Plant biomasses growing in bioreactor could be developed as production systems for cosmetic ingredients, nutraceuticals and food additives. We previously reported that the red carrot cell line R4G accumulates high levels of anthocyanins, which are potent antioxidants with multiple health-promoting properties. To investigate the industrial potential of this cell line in detail, we tested extract for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in the mouse monocyte/macrophage cell-line J774A.1 and in reconstructed skin tissue models. We also compared the R4G extract to commercial carrot extracts in terms of stability and metabolomic profiles. We found that the R4G extract have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, protecting mammalian cells from the oxidative stress triggered by exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharides and H2O2. The extract also inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in an epidermal skin model, and induced the expression of VEGF-A to promote the microcirculation in a dermal microtissue model. The anthocyanins extracted from R4G cells were significantly more stable than those found in natural red carrot extracts. Finally, we showed that R4G extract has similar metabolomic profile of natural extracts by using a combination of targeted and untargeted metabolomics analysis, demonstrating the safety of R4G carrot cells for applications in the nutraceutical and food/feed industries.
Highlights
Plant cell and tissue culture, which history can be traced back to the 30s of the 20th century (Thorpe, 2007), offers an attractive platform for the production of cosmetic, nutraceutical and food ingredients, with many advantages over agricultural production methods (Eibl et al, 2018)
We previously described the selection of a pigmented carrot (Daucus carota L.) cell line that accumulates large quantities of polyphenols (Ceoldo et al, 2009), including eight specific cyanidin derivatives, some acylated with coumaric, caffeic, ferulic, and sinapic acids (Gläßgen and Seitz, 1992; Ceoldo et al, 2009)
The anthocyanin-producing cell line R4G was generated from the non-pigmented cell line K1 by isolating rare pigmented cell clusters on the callus surface and forming pigmented cell lines (Ceoldo et al, 2005), and selecting the R4G cell line from one of these pigmented cell lines (R3G) due its unusual ability to accumulate anthocyanins in the dark (Ceoldo et al, 2009)
Summary
Plant cell and tissue culture, which history can be traced back to the 30s of the 20th century (Thorpe, 2007), offers an attractive platform for the production of cosmetic, nutraceutical and food ingredients, with many advantages over agricultural production methods (Eibl et al, 2018). These plant biomasses growing in bioreactor are season-independent, allowing year-round manufacturing. They are more environmentally sustainable than traditional. Plant cells are rich sources of polyphenols, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that make them suitable as cosmetic and nutraceutical ingredients to inhibit skin aging and reduce the risk of diseases linked to oxidative stress (Cory et al, 2018)
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