Abstract
Despite significant advances in immunohematology, including the discovery of the Rhesus factor and the subsequent development of nationwide Rh immune globulin prophylaxis programs, the incidence of Rhesus alloimmunization is one to two per 1000 Rh-negative women. This is largely due to the lack of administration of Rh immune globulin in high risk situations. The identification of a sensitized pregnant patient requires an initial antibody screen with appropriate antibody titres and paternal red blood cell antigen pheno-typing. Fetuses, identified at high risk due to critical antibody titre levels, require invasive action with serial amniocenteses plus amniocyte antigen testing. Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling or intrauterine fetal transfusion may be dictated in severe situations.
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