Abstract
With the rapidly increasing industrial and agricultural development, a large amount of sludge has been produced from much water treatment. Sludge treatment has become one of the most important environmental issues. Resource utilization of sludge is one of the important efficient methods for solving this issue. Sludge-based activated carbon (SBAC) materials have high adsorption performance and can effectively remove environmental pollutants including typical organic matter and heavy metals through physical and chemical processes. Therefore, developing efficient SBAC materials is important and valuable. At present, preparation, modification, and application of SBAC materials have gained widespread attention. This paper provides a review of the research on SBAC preparation and modification and its utilization in removing environmental pollutants. It included the following topics present in this review: conventional and new methods for preparation of SBAC were clearly present; the effective methods for improving SBAC performance via physical and chemical modification were reviewed; and the correlation of their physic-chemical properties of SBAC with pollutants’ removal efficiencies as well as the removal mechanisms was revealed. SBAC has a better adsorption performance than commercial activated carbon in some aspects. Furthermore, it is a cost-effective technique and has a wide range of raw materials. However, there are still some drawbacks to its research; thus, some suggestions for further research were given in this review.
Highlights
With the rapid development of water treatment industry, the amount of activated sludge produced by treating sewage increases [1]
Because activated sludge is characterized by high water content, loose structure, a large amount of organic matter, and poisonous and harmful substances [2], it has become an important environmental issue and needs to be treated through an effective pathway
The surface and internal hole of sludge-based activated carbon (SBAC) occurring after adding nanocobalt, which increased the BET; SBAC had good magnetic separation performance; the separation of solution and adsorption material was easy to separate, which were conducive to the recovery and utilization of SBAC
Summary
With the rapid development of water treatment industry, the amount of activated sludge produced by treating sewage increases [1]. Because activated sludge is characterized by high water content, loose structure, a large amount of organic matter, and poisonous and harmful substances (such as microorganism, heavy metal, and poisonous organism) [2], it has become an important environmental issue and needs to be treated through an effective pathway. The material is a black amorphous carbon material made by activated sludge that came from water treatment, which is made by blending, carbonization, activation, and so on. It has the characteristic of a dense pore, complex pore structure, and large specific surface area; so, it has higher absorbability [8]. Its preparation and application have become one of the pathways to dispose the waste sludge
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