Abstract
Glass is a common material made from natural resources such as sand. Although much of the waste glass is recycled to make new glass products, a large proportion is still being sent to landfill. Glass is a useful resource that is non-biodegradable, occupying valuable landfill space. To combat the waste glass that is heading to landfill, alternative recycling forms need to be investigated. The construction industry is one of the largest CO2 emitters in the world, producing up to 8% of the global CO2 to produce cement. The use of sand largely depletes natural resources for the creation of mortars or concretes. This review explores the possibilities of incorporating waste glass into cement-based materials. It was found waste glass is unsuitable as a raw material replacement to produce clinker and as a coarse aggregate, due to a liquid state being produced in the kiln and the smooth surface area, respectively. Promising results were found when incorporating fine particles of glass in cement-based materials due to the favourable pozzolanic reaction which benefits the mechanical properties. It was found that 20% of cement can be replaced with waste glass of 20 μm without detrimental effects on the mechanical properties. Replacements higher than 30% can cause negative impacts as insufficient amounts of CaCO3 remain to react with the silica from the glass, known as the dilution effect. As the fine aggregate replacement for waste glass increases over 20%, the mechanical properties decrease proportionally; however, up to 20% has similar results to traditionally mixes.
Highlights
A huge problem with glass is the single-use purpose for applications such as beverage bottles, which is one of the main uses of glass
This review aimed to investigate the effects which incorporating waste glass into cement-based materials may have on the fresh and hardened properties of mortars and concretes
More research needs to transpire to investigate the optimal dosage of waste glass as a fine aggregate replacement, considering the particle size and replacement percentages
Summary
A huge problem with glass is the single-use purpose for applications such as beverage bottles, which is one of the main uses of glass. For every 10% of glass cullet used (by weight) in the production of glass, carbon emissions and energy consumption are reduced by 5% and 3%, respectively [5] This is the ideal form of glass recycling as glass can be recycled indefinitely if it avoids contamination, including food-waste contamination or cross-colour contamination. Aluminium oxide Alkili-silica reaction Calcium aluminates Tricalcium silicates Calcium Carbonate Calcium oxide Carbon Dioxide Fly Ash Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Glass powder Natural sand Sodium oxide Silica Dioxide Waste glass [4] Such materials can include ceiling insulation which is commonly made from glass fibres [7]. If the glass waste is not colour sorted or the quality is compromised, other forms of glass recycling often cannot proceed Another form of open-loop recycling for glass waste can be in the construction industry by the implementation in cement-based materials. This review will explore the past research into the uses of waste glass in cement-based materials and the different effects that have been found to investigate the viability of this recycling method
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