Recycling of Surface-Functionalized Nanoparticles—A Short Review

Abstract

The present manuscript provides a comprehensive overview and partial analysis of both advanced and innovative recycling techniques for functionalized nanoparticles. Such methods are sieving techniques including filtration in different forms (e.g., ultrafiltration, diafiltration), centrifugation, and chromatography. Further microfluidics, solvent extraction, and evaporation as well as magnetic and electric field-assisted methods are presented followed by more conventional methods such as precipitation, coagulation, and ζ-potential changes. To facilitate future progress in nanotechnology recycling, it is necessary to provide improved and innovative production techniques across the whole life cycle of nanotechnology. This is analogous to any other methodology that is conceptualized during the initial phases. Furthermore, a diverse array of preparation methods for functionalized nanoparticles may be developed and implemented using various approaches depending on the evident use of the material. Further, the investigation of waste products containing nanoparticles is not yet possible to achieve an in-depth knowledge of this subject. Moreover, advanced technologies have the capacity to enable a more substantial future implementation of NM recycling for commercial use.