Abstract
Around 5000 tons of food waste is produced every day in Iraq which accounts for about (50%) of the waste that we get rid of them. Waste sent to landfill for disposal may break down and produce methane gas that causes greenhouse effect, as well as cause odor, epidemics, and disease because of the disintegration. The research aims to produce organic fertilizer through the recycling of domestic refuse. It has been working through this research to collect the domestic refuse food which represent the nitrogen source, as well as the remains of cleaning and trimming of various trees and the remains of lawn mowers, and use of sawdust white wood which represent the carbon source. Have been working on dried and arranged in layers of perforated plastic containers for ventilation, it was moisturized with two different types of water and monitored fertilizer maturity for four months. Previously the fresh water was used for the purpose for moisturizing the mixture (chlorination water supply) later the domestic wastewater have been used. The comparison was made between the results of tests performed; the test has come up with the result that the use of "domestic wastewater" which it is rich in living organisms is the best and fastest in the process of manufacturing organic fertilizer than the use of "water supply", to contain the latter on the amount of chlorine of weakens the growth of microorganisms. And the use of dried plant waste, in the mixture as source of carbon was successful, and it gave the best organic fertilizer production results because these wastes are easy to decompose compare with sawdust wood. The felicitous fertilizer is it rich with nutrient such as nitrogen 2.3 %, phosphorus 13%, and potassium 20%, etc. There are some important factors affecting the process of production of fertilizer, including air ventilation, temperature, moisture content in the mixture. Carbon to nitrogen is a major factor, where each 20-30 part of the carbon should be taken into account for the decomposition of 1 part of the nitrogen to produce the compost properly, the high proportion of carbon about 30%, causes low-temperature mixture, and it leads to slow compost composition, and less than 20% leads to excess nitrogen, which lost in the air in the form of ammonia, and the higher pH value, could be toxic to some microorganisms.
Highlights
Environmental pollution caused by food waste has become increasingly prominent
As for moisture content, the aerobic bacteria is responsible for the decomposition of organic matter, it needs water in sufficient quantities to form a film easy to move within the mixture, the addition of the use of domestic wastewater with the presence of vegetarianism waste and domestic refuse gave good results to plant fertilizer, within the standard specifications regarding texture, shape and key factors, this is because household wastewater contains a large number of living organisms that have worked to decompose organic matter and convert it into organic fertilizer under the appropriate environmental conditions
The principle of air supply should be maintained in sufficient quantities with the mixture stirred between periods to avoid the low oxygen content of the mixture, which leads to the growth of the anaerobic bacteria by emitting a foul odor that resembles the smell of rotten eggs
Summary
Environmental pollution caused by food waste has become increasingly prominent. How to effectively treat food waste has become one of the most important problems that must be addressed in the future development in Iraq. As well as various waste vegetable, gardens and white wood mulch by using ordinary household water and domestic wastewater as a source of hydration for the production of the organic fertilizer which is the result of the biological decomposition of the organic matter, by the bacteria and some useful microorganisms that use carbon and nitrogen to produce energy to composition of the protein needed to build their body and multiply under certain environmental conditions of warmth, humidity and good ventilation Compost it is a brown material with a smell that likes of soil and a spongy, smooth texture. Once (with wood briquettes and domestic refuse food filler) needed a longer period for complete decomposition for the difficulty of decomposition of lignins in wood but the latter (with domestic waste food, and leaves, grass and various plant wastes) proved an organic fertilizer rich in vitamins and important elements of the plant of nitrogen, potassium, iron, phosphorus, carbon, and others because of the ease and speed of decomposition of organic matter and the use of domestic wastewater which rich in microorganisms that worked to decompose properly
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