Abstract
The development of high-performance functional nanomaterials for energy storage is now a vital task for future energy demand. In this report, a thermally reduced graphene nanosheets–molybdenum disulfide (TRGNs–MoS2) nanohybrid has been synthesized and applied for energy storage applications. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques have thoroughly been used to analyze the as-prepared materials. The electrochemical performance for supercapacitor application has been demonstrated. The TRGNs–MoS2 nanohybrid material shows enhanced gravimetric capacitance values (415 F/g) with higher specific energy/power outputs and better cyclic performances (88% capacitance retention even after 5000 charging/discharging cycles). By employing density functional theory (DFT), we have presented the structure and electronic properties of the TRGNs–MoS2hybrid structure. The superior specific capacitance for the binary hybrid structure is supported by the enhanced electronic density of states close to the Fermi level, lower diffusion energy barrier of electrolytic ions, and higher quantum capacitance of the hybrid structure. The interaction between MoS2 and graphene is not only van der Waal’s interaction but also chemical interactions that involve charge transfer from MoS2 to graphene.
Highlights
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are energy storage systems that have gained wider acceptance as a technology of choice in consumer electronics and stationary energy storage applications and present a success factor in the booming of electric vehicles (EVs) in many regions of the world
The expectation of obtaining well-performing, long-lasting, and cost-effective lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has created high pressure on researchers and the industry to improve the performance of these energy storage devices
Materials and the synthesis of graphite oxide (GO), thermally reduced graphene nanosheets (TRGNs), and thermally reduced graphene nanosheets (TRGNs)−MoS2 nanohybrid are reported in the Supporting Information (Section 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4, respectively)
Summary
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are energy storage systems that have gained wider acceptance as a technology of choice in consumer electronics and stationary energy storage applications and present a success factor in the booming of electric vehicles (EVs) in many regions of the world. Chemolithotrophic and acidophilic bacteria, such as acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria, recover cobalt and lithium from the LiCoO2 cathode active material These bacteria utilize elemental sulfur and ferrous ions as the energy source to produce metabolites like sulfuric acids and ferric ions in the leaching medium, which help dissolve metals from the spent LIBs. To improve the recovery percentage of metals, acid concentration, temperature, time, different solvents, and precipitation agents always play a crucial role during the recycling process. Graphite recycling is important to obtain high-quality graphite with minimal environmental and cost consequences.[5] Many researchers recycled graphite from LIBs and used it to develop new batteries and supercapacitors They found that recycled graphite has high energy capacity and smooth and defect-free morphology like commercially available graphite. The experimental data were qualitatively supported by data from DFT simulations, including the electronic properties of the hybrid structure and the interactions between MoS2 and graphene
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