Abstract
PurposeAmylase being one of the most important industrial enzymes requires large-scale production. When producing an enzyme, high productivity, high purity and low production costs need to be considered. This study focuses on comparing various agro-industrial waste substrates, for production of alpha-amylase using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Moreover, it studies the stability and activity of amylase–gold nanoparticles composite.MethodsThis study is divided into two parts, in the first part various agro-industrial waste substrates, such as wheat bran, rice bran and potato peel were used to produce alpha-amylase using solid-state fermentation (SSF). The production of the enzyme was quantified and compared in specific enzyme activity units. In the second part, change in the stability and activity of amylase in enzyme–gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) composite has been discussed.ResultsHighest enzyme production was observed in wheat bran and potato peel substrate with specific enzyme activity of almost 1.2 U/ug and 1.1 U/ug. Among combination substrates, wheat bran with potato peel showed a high enzyme production of 1.3 U/ug. On the other hand, the optimum temperature for amylase activity shifted to 55 °C in the composite compared to 37 °C for free enzyme.ConclusionsComparison of specific enzyme activity of extracts from various substrates showed that wheat bran alone, and in combination with potato peel, produces active and pure amylases. To stress on various catalytic activities of alpha-amylase, the capability of the enzyme to synthesize gold nanoparticles and the effect of conjugation of the nanoparticle on its optimum catalytic activity are also discussed in this paper.
Highlights
IntroductionDemands of agro-industrial products are increasing exponentially
With growing population, demands of agro-industrial products are increasing exponentially
Three very common agro-industrial wastes—wheat bran, rice bran and potato peel were used as substrates for alpha-amylase production using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in solid-state fermentation (SSF)
Summary
Demands of agro-industrial products are increasing exponentially To meet this high demand, an increased quantity of food products is being produced, leaving an elevated level of agro-industrial wastes. Considering the need of managing the huge amount of waste produced, the Agricultural Waste Management System has been formulated under which a 3R approach is used (Hai and Tuyet 2010). Due to high carbon content in agro-industrial wastes, they can be used as substrates in producing hydrolytic enzymes that hydrolyse glycosidic bonds and convert polysaccharides into simple sugars. Among many such enzymes, α-amylase is one of the most commercially exploited enzymes
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