Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using metal electrodes have been regarded as promising candidates for next‐generation photovoltaic devices because of their high efficiency, low fabrication temperature, and low cost potential. However, the complicated and rigorous thermal deposition process of metal contact electrodes remains a challenging issue for reducing the energy pay‐back period in commercial PSCs, as the ubiquitous one‐time use of a contact electrode wastes limited resources and pollutes the environment. Here, a nanoporous Au film electrode fabricated by a simple dry transfer process is introduced to replace the thermally evaporated Au electrode in PSCs. A high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.0% is demonstrated in PSCs with the nanoporous Au film electrode. Moreover, the electrode is recycled more than 12 times to realize a further reduced fabrication cost of PSCs and noble metal materials consumption and to prevent environmental pollution. When the nanoporous Au electrode is applied to flexible PSCs, a PCE of 17.3% and superior bending durability of ≈98.5% after 1000 cycles of harsh bending tests are achieved. The nanoscale pores and the capability of the porous structure to impede crack generation and propagation enable the nanoporous Au electrode to be recycled and result in excellent bending durability.
Highlights
Despite the high efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using noble metal electrodes, the energy pay-back period remains quite long due to Organic/inorganic hybrid perovskites are the most prom- the poor stability of devices.[31,32] The single-time utilization of ising materials for use in solar cells as light absorption layers noble metal electrodes severely wastes limited resources and because of their superior properties, including high carrier leads to environmental pollution
A type of monolithic strucmobility,[1] long carrier diffusion,[2] large light absorption coeffi- tured PSC using a mesoporous Ni and nanoporous Au contact cient,[3] tunable bandgap,[4,5,6] low exciton binding energy,[2] and electrode has been proposed to enable the reuse of contact elecpotential for low-temperature fabrication process.[7]
We adopted a nanoporous Au film as an electrode to realize a simple fabrication process and electrode recycling in PSCs based on these superior properties. ≈100 nm of commercial Au35Ag65 thin film was used to fabricate nanoporous Au film by corroding the silver composition using nitric acid, washing it with distilled water and transferring onto membrane film surface
Summary
Despite the high efficiency of PSCs using noble metal electrodes, the energy pay-back period remains quite long due to Organic/inorganic hybrid perovskites are the most prom- the poor stability of devices.[31,32] The single-time utilization of ising materials for use in solar cells as light absorption layers noble metal electrodes severely wastes limited resources and because of their superior properties, including high carrier leads to environmental pollution. A type of monolithic strucmobility,[1] long carrier diffusion,[2] large light absorption coeffi- tured PSC using a mesoporous Ni and nanoporous Au contact cient,[3] tunable bandgap,[4,5,6] low exciton binding energy,[2] and electrode has been proposed to enable the reuse of contact elecpotential for low-temperature fabrication process.[7] Organic/ trodes.[33,34] these still cannot avoid the complicated inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have witnessed and high-cost fabrication process They require a high an explosive development, and their power conversion effi- temperature fabrication[33] and high-vacuum thermal evapociencies (PCEs) have increased from 3.8 to 25.2% within the ration due to the limitations posed by their monolithic device. This study demonstrates the following: the aforementioned novel simplified deposition process, the recycling of the electrode in PSCs using nano porous Au electrode films, and PSC devices performance
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