Recyclable palladium catalyst on grapheme oxide for the C–C/C–N cross-coupling reactions of heteroaromatic sulfonates

Abstract

A well-defined heterogeneous palladium catalyst, graphene oxide grafted with PdCl2, was prepared and found to be an effective catalyst for the C–C, C–N coupling of hetero aryl sulfonates with aryl boronic acids, terminal alkynes, amines, respectively, leading to the desired coupling products in moderate to excellent yields. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, IR, SEM, TEM, XPS and ICP. It is worthy noting that this catalyst offers a number of advantages such as high stability and negligible metal leaching. It also retains good activity for at least five successive runs without any additional activation treatment, showing a better performance than the well-known commercial Pd/C catalysts. This approach would be very useful from a practical viewpoint.