Abstract
A nanostructure-based catalytic system has the advantages of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. It is of great significance to develop the sustainable and green process of homogeneous catalytic reaction. We report a novel, efficient and recyclable magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles-catalyzed aza-Michael addition reaction of acryl amides, and the magnetic nanoparticles catalysts can be recovered by external magnetic field. Both primary amine and secondary amine can react with various acryl amides providing a good output to target products successfully at room temperature. Further experiments reveal that the magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles-based catalyst shows excellent yields, which can be recycled 10 times, and, at the same time, it maintains a high catalytically activity. In this catalytic system, the tedious separation procedures are replaced by external magnetic field, which gives us a different direction for choosing a catalyst in a nanostructure-based catalytic system.
Highlights
Environmental pollution caused by man-made waste and the decrease of natural resources is the main threat that has caught the attention of the whole world
The size and shape of the obtained Fe3 O4 nanoparticles were measured through using transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
After slow evaporation of a concentrated Fe3 O4 nanoparticles solution in hexane, the super lattice of Fe3 O4 nanoparticles are formed on the TEM grid (Figure 1b), The high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) image show that Fe3 O4 nanoparticle is of single crystalline nature enclosed by the (111) plane and the surfaces are perfect without any sheathed amorphous phase (Figure 1c)
Summary
Environmental pollution caused by man-made waste and the decrease of natural resources is the main threat that has caught the attention of the whole world. For the sake of reduction in the harmful effects of the pollution and resource depletion, the best remedy is to develop the sustainable and atom-economic chemical process. This process can be improved upon by careful selection of starting materials and a catalytic system. The homogeneous catalyst is often difficult to isolate from reaction product, because both of the catalyst, reactants and products are same phase, which effects its extensive appliance [1]. It is an environmentally-friendly but an atom-economic chemical process. The main advantage of using a heterogeneous catalyst is the Catalysts 2017, 7, 219; doi:10.3390/catal7070219 www.mdpi.com/journal/catalysts
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