Abstract
We report the synthesis, X-ray characterization and DFT study of five Hg(ii) complexes with Schiff bases containing a nicotinohydrazide core to explore the formation of chelate-ring π-stacking interactions.
Highlights
The strength of single π–π stacking interactions1 is low when compared to that of, for example, classical strong hydrogen bonding,2 the consequences deriving from the existence of those interactions are widespread and fundamental for all living organisms
Double strands of DNA are stabilized by vertical base-tobase π stacking;3 aromatic side chains of amino acids such as phenylalanine, tyrosine or histidine, which participate in the construction of proteins, are found to preferentially align theiraromatic rings in a cofacial orientation, which in turn has a profound influence on nucleic acid tertiary and quaternary structure
Chelate ring stackings involving transition and main group metals;15 recent works suggest that these interactions cannot be perceived just as interesting crystallographic facts, but are equal or even dominating contributors to the inorganic and metal–organic crystal structure formation
Summary
The strength of single π–π stacking interactions (either face-to-face or edge-to-face) is low when compared to that of, for example, classical strong hydrogen bonding, the consequences deriving from the existence of those interactions are widespread and fundamental for all living organisms. The therapeutic effect of some drugs and the carcinogenic properties of fused-ring aromatic compounds such as benzopyrene and their metabolites share the same underlying intercalation mechanism, based on π–π stacking interactions.. In recent years, interactions referred to as “unconventional” or “nonclassical” have emerged. In these interactions, one can include agostic, σ- or π-hole – based tetrel, chalcogen, and pnicogen bondings, as well as – chelate ring stackings involving transition and main group metals; recent works suggest that these interactions cannot be perceived just as interesting crystallographic facts, but are equal or even dominating contributors to the inorganic and metal–organic crystal structure formation. The knowledge on unconventional interactions is still in its formative years; our efforts are focused on the detailed exploration of fundamental aspects of all of these interactions, mainly employing Schiff-base complexes with d- and p-block elements as crystalline test systems
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