Abstract
ABSTRACT The iron concentration (FeC) and zinc concentration (ZnC) in common bean grain are quantitative traits, and appropriate breeding techniques are required to achieve genetic gain. The aim of this study was to obtain a recurrent selection population of black bean to increase the FeC and ZnC in the grain and to select the superior progenies for formation of the next cycle and obtain lines. The base population was formed by crosses among ten parents. A total of 351 progenies were obtained, and, after two generations of selection, the 27 best progenies were evaluated in two field trials for FeC, ZnC, 100 seed weight and yield. Analyses of variance were carried out and genetic parameters were estimated. The heritability estimates ranged from 59 to 94% for the four traits. The estimates of expected gain from direct selection for each trait (3 to 21%) and simultaneous selection (1 to 4%) indicate success from selection. The eight progenies, selected based on simultaneous selection, have superior mean values, including to those of ‘BRS Supremo’ (10% for FeC, 8% for ZnC, 5% for 100 seed weight and 3.8% for yield), the Brazilian black bean cultivar with the highest FeC and ZnC. The recurrent selection population shows high genetic variability and potential for obtaining lines superior to the cultivars currently on the market, allying high agronomic performance and high FeC and ZnC in the grain. Furthermore, this population shows potential for generating a new recurrent selection cycle, from recombination of the eight superior progenies.
Highlights
Common bean or dry edible bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the legume of greatest direct consumption in the world
The base population was formed by crosses between ten parents that had high FeC and zinc concentration (ZnC) in the grain (‘Xamego’/‘Piratã 1’//‘Iapar 5’/‘G6495’///‘BRS Grafite’/ ‘G6492’/4/‘BRS Supremo’/‘Brasil 0001’//‘Milionário’/‘BRS Esplendor’///‘Xamego’/‘Piratã 1’); one parent was from the mulatinho commercial group (‘Piratã 1’), one of brown color (‘Brasil 0001’), and the others from the black commercial group (Pereira et al 2014; 2018)
The mean values of the 101 progenies in the C0S0:1 generation were 71.4 mg·kg–1 for FeC and 39.4 mg·kg–1 for ZnC, which were lower than the mean values of the check cultivar ‘BRS Supremo’ (72.7 mg·kg–1 for FeC and 40.6 mg·kg–1 for ZnC) (Table 1)
Summary
Common bean or dry edible bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the legume of greatest direct consumption in the world. The black commercial group is the second most consumed in Brazil, representing approximately 20% of the total common bean produced annually (540,000 tons), in 340,000 hectares (Pereira et al 2012). This type of grain has great economic and social importance. Zinc is an essential nutrient with numerous structural, biochemical and regulatory functions in human physiology. After iron, it is the micromineral of most abundant distribution in the human body. At least 17% of the world population has inadequate ingestion of zinc (Wessells and Brown 2012)
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