Recurrent nephroblastoma in the bladder: Successful transurethral resection

Abstract

Nephroblastoma is the second most common intraabdominal cancer of childhood and the fifth most common pediatric malignancy. Most of the cases occur in children less than 5 years of age with a peak incidence at 2–3 years of age. The survival rate is more than 90%. The primary sites for nephroblastoma metastases are the lungs and less common hepatic metastases. Metastasis to the bladder is extremely rare in younger patients, especially in children and adolescents. Surgery for recurrent nephroblastoma can be challenging and a multidisciplinary team should be developed to reduce complications and improve the survival rate. We reported a successful transurethral resection of huge recurrent nephroblastoma in the bladder, which is an extremely rare site of recurrence in an 11-year-old boy after applying “gentle and unforceful” urethral dilatation. A complete resection may maintain a high rate of cure and relieve upper tract obstruction.