Recurrent and Second Breast Cancer Detected on Follow-Up Mammography and Breast Ultrasound after Breast-Conserving Surgery: Imaging Findings and Clinicopathologic Factors

Abstract

The breast-conserving operation is the established treatment modality for early breast cancer, with a long-term survival equal to radical surgery (1, 2). Early detection of an ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) and recurrence in regional lymph nodes has a beneficial impact on local disease control and survival of breast cancer patients when compared to late symptomatic detection (3). The risk factors associated with IBTR and regional recurrence include younger patient age (4-6), larger tumor size, multifocal multi-centric disease (7), close or positive margins (6, 8), an extensive intraductal component (4, 9), higher tumor grade (10), the presence of lymphovascular invasion (9), negative histology for estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR) expression, and omission of radiation (11, 12). The current recommendations for postoperative follow-up for breast-conserving surgery following an invasive ductal carcinoma are to take the patient’s history, a clinical breast examination, and an annual mammogram of the breast tissues (13). Unlike recurrences after Recurrent and Second Breast Cancer Detected on Follow-Up Mammography and Breast Ultrasound after Breast-Conserving Surgery: Imaging Findings and Clinicopathologic Factors 유방보존수술 후 유방촬영술과 유방초음파에서 발견된 재발암 및 이차성 유방암: 영상소견과 임상병리적 요인