Abstract
Persistent and recurrent hyperparathyroidism is defined. Key components of preoperative planning including imaging modalities are discussed. Indications for surgery and emerging techniques to aid identification of abnormal parathyroid tissue in the reoperative neck are described. This review contains 2 figures, 2 tables and 22 references Key Words: indocyanine green fluorescence angiography, methylene blue injection, near-infrared autofluorescence imaging, parathyroid cryopreservation, parathyromatosis, persistent hyperparathyroidism, recurrent hyperparathyroidism, selective parathyroid hormone venous sampling
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