Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined based on the core symptoms of typical autism. It is considered to be a congenital mental disorder and has nothing to do with acquired family education. Children with this disease have difficulties in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviours [3]. Since it is a severe disease that hinder the development of children, the risk factors of this disease are worth being investigated. One known risk factor is the gender. However, other risks are not defined yet such as the recurrence risk in siblings. Therefore, the author tried to figure out this risk. This paper reviewed a study done in 2011 about the recurrence risk for autism spectrum disorders in siblings. A longitudinal study was used, meaning that the same test subjects were examined over a period of time. The autism diagnostic observation schedule (ADOS), the standard diagnostic test for ASD was used in this study to determine whether a child is diagnosed with ASD. The results were estimated through parameters of a model numerically by an iterative fitting process. It was found through this research that there was indeed a correlation between children who had siblings with ASD and having ASD themselves.
Highlights
Autism spectrum disorders have long existed as one of the most prominent neurodevelopmental disorders to manifest in children
The main causes of autism spectrum disorders are not totally clear, as a combination of environmental and genetic factors can contribute towards the manifestation of Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children [2]
3.1 Genetic component It is not a surprise that ASD has some sorts of a genetic component
Summary
Autism spectrum disorders have long existed as one of the most prominent neurodevelopmental disorders to manifest in children. The main causes of autism spectrum disorders are not totally clear, as a combination of environmental and genetic factors can contribute towards the manifestation of ASDs in children [2]. The study [5] utilized a prospective longitudinal study of infants at risk for ASD, in which the participants were infants with older siblings with ASD This means that the same subjects were studied over the course of a period of time instead of being studied once. The recruitment process consisted of various methods, including clinics and agencies as well as word of mouth and fliers posted around the community. Online resources such as mail and media were used, ensuring greater diversity and less chance of a biased result. Relative risk was measured using SAS Proc Genmod, a method to generalize linear models
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