Abstract
In this letter, making use of real gait force profiles of healthy and patient groups with Parkinson disease which have different disease severity in terms of Hoehn-Yahr stage, we calculate various heuristic complexity measures of the recurrence quantification analysis (RQA). Using this technique, we are able to evince that entropy, determinism and average diagonal line length (divergence) measures decrease (increases) with increasing disease severity. We also explain these tendencies using a theoretical model (based on the sine-circle map), so that we clearly relate them to decreasing degree of irrationality of the system as a course of gait’s nature. This enables us to interpret the dynamics of normal/pathological gait and is expected to increase further applications of this technique on gait timings, gait force profiles and combinations of them with various physiological signals.
Highlights
Parkinson Diesease (PD) is a neuro-degenerative disease which affects gait and mobility related to motor functions
We have shown that the success rate of separation of disease severity is highly related to the Hoehn-Yahr stage of PD patients by applying different spectral-entropy based complexity measures (Shannon, Kullback-Leibler and renormalized entropies)[32] on data including gait timings and gait force profiles collected by Hausdorff ’s group[33], and, recently, Bernard-Elazari et al discriminated PD patients from healthy older adults, mild from severe PD patients and mild PD patients from healthy older adults by applying a machine learning algorithm on the data from PD patients using a body-fixed sensor[34]
It can be shown from the figure that DIV tends to increase with decreasing degree of irrationality of the system as ENT, DET and 〈L〉 tend to increase in terms of their median values
Summary
Parkinson Diesease (PD) is a neuro-degenerative disease which affects gait and mobility related to motor functions. Data sets which include gait variables of patients with various neurological disorders and healthy adults as control group and comprising their disease stages within the Hoehn-Yahr scale have been widely studied to investigate gait timings or gait force profiles of healthy/patient adults and to establish relations between disease dynamics with them[4,5,6,7,8,9]. We would like to use a powerful tool, recurrence quantification analysis, for short time series in clinical conditions, and make an objective classification between PD groups using GRF healthy adults and patients with PD as our first aim
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