Abstract
This study of growing restrictions on cafes in Japan during the 1920s and 1930s provides a case study of moral regulation as a form of politics defined in a broad sense. Governmental authorities cracked down on cafes which they perceived to be the source of threats to established social norms and gender roles posed by « modem », Western trends of the 1920s. The repression demonstrates that Japan's prewar crisis was as much domestic and social as it was international and political. The Japanese police had played a social role in moral regulation since the Meiji period (1868-1912), but this was further expanded in the conflict over modernity.
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