Rectal cancer update: postneoadjuvant staging

Abstract

Over the last two decades, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has continuously been gaining influence in modern management of rectal cancer. Bringing morphological and functional features together improves the differentiation of responders from nonresponders, provides for accurate surgical planning, intensified radiation therapy regimes, and watch-and-wait strategies. Ashift from TNM staging towards risk stratification of rectal cancer patients, patient selection to increasingly individualized therapies, and intensified surveillance has contributed to the transformation of rectal MRI into atrue gamechanger.