Recreational water quality status of the Kidd's Beach as determined by its physicochemical and bacteriological quality parameters

Abstract

Coastal water resources are habitually exposed to indiscriminate anthropogenic pollution. However, due to their negative consequences to the public health, recreational waters require continuous monitoring for disease-causing organisms as a way of preventing ailments associated with swimming. As a result, the present study assessed the physicochemical parameters and microbial loads of water samples collected from six different sampling points on Kidd's Beach using standard analytical procedures. Generated data were analysed with One-way ANOVA and spearman correlation (at 95%). The physicochemical qualities varied as follows: pH (7.21–8.23), temperature (18.46–27.63 °C), turbidity (0–25.67 NTU), electrical conductivity (22723–62067 μS/cm), total dissolved solids (7662–31037 mg/L), and salinity (8.95–41.84 PSU). All these measured parameters were significantly different (P < 0.05) with respect to the sampling sites. Presumptive Enterococcus counts ranged from 64 – 168 CFU/100 mL of water samples. Out of 409 presumptive Enterococcus isolates obtained from the culture-based method, 67 were confirmed to be Enterococcus by PCR-techniques. From the 67 confirmed isolates, 19(E. faecalis) and 40(E. feacium) while 8(other species that were non-targeted). Findings from this study shown that Kidd's Beach water samples contain some pathogenic bacteria that pose high risk to the public health and make it to be unfit for recreational use when compared to DWAF and US EPA guidelines. Therefore, effort should be made to strictly control all activities contributing to the level of pollution in the marine environment.